【中文摘要】 就业是民生之本,在目前我国就业形势相当严峻的宏观背景下,性别歧视是劳动力市场最普遍、也是最严重的就业歧视之一。女性就业面临门槛高,就业率低,男女收入差距大,职业性别隔离明显等问题。这些性别歧视的市场结果降低了整个社会经济效率,严重地影响了社会公正、社会稳定和社会经济发展。因此,现代化的经济社会水平,必然要求良好的女性就业质量和较高的女性就业层次与之相匹配,在此背景下研究女性就业歧视问题具有极其重要的意义。本文借鉴国内外学者的研究思路与成果,基于劳动力市场性别歧视理论,界定了就业歧视和就业性别歧视的内涵,依据湖北省劳动力市场的统计数据,通过对劳动力市场女性实际就业情况进行分析,总结描述了女性在就业过程中遭遇的各种歧视现状。本文认为,湖北省劳动力就业市场中存在着性别行业分割,性别工资差距大,女性就业非正规化趋势明显,社会保障存在性别差距,女性失业数量多,再就业和男性相比较为困难,在业女性就业结构不合理等歧视现象。用人单位或雇主出于对未来收益最大化的追求,使得女性较少接受职业培训,这种在职业培训过程中的弱势地位,使得女性获取较少的就业机会和升迁机会。此外,劳动力市场中存在的各种显性和隐性的性...更多别歧视行为,使得女性所从事的工作等级及重要性远远低于男性,女性在就业市场上遭遇的不平等待遇,不仅影响了女性自身的经济地位和职业发展,对于男性健康发展甚至整个社会的和谐进步的影响也是极为深刻和复杂的。女性在劳动力市场上遭遇就业歧视的原因是多方面的。本文系统地从文化根源、经济因素、法律视角以及人力资本投资角度,深刻挖掘湖北省女性就业歧视的成因,通过采用理论研究和比较研究的方法,探索解决女性就业歧视问题的路径与对策,从而使女性免受就业领域中的性别歧视,获得全面发展的自由空间。研究结论将在一定程度上充实劳动力市场性别歧视理论,为促进男女两性平等就业、共享经济资源和社会发展成果局面的形成提供新的理论依据,并为改善我国女性群体就业状况、解决女性群体就业难问题提供决策参考。
【英文摘要】 Employment is the fundament of the people's livelihood. Currently, according to the severe macroeconomic situation, employment situation is not optimistic in China. And gender discrimination is one of the most common and serious problem in the labor market .The higher threshold of the female employment, the lower employment percentage, large income gap between male and female, and the evidently occupational gender segregation are all the problems faced by female. All of gender discrimination. have not only decreased the overall socio-economic efficiency, but also severely affected the social justice, social stability and socio-economic development. Thus, to develop modern economic and social, will naturally require a good quality of female employment and higher levels of female employment with matched. According to this background, it is significant to study the issue of female employment discrimination.Drawing on the researching results by domestic and foreign scholars and the theory ...of gender discrimination in the labor market, this research defines gender employment discrimination. According to the statistics of labor market in Hubei Province, it tries to analyze the actual female employment status in the labor market, give a summary of all forms of discrimination female suffered in course of employment. It is concluded that gender segmentation exist in the labor market, and there is a huge wage gap between male and female, non-regular female employment trend, social security gender gap, high female unemployment quantity. Compared to male, female face many re-employment difficulties, and unreasonable employment structure..Employing unit or employer out of the pursuit of maximizing future benefit makes women less access to vocational training. And the vulnerable position in vocational training makes women less access to employ and promote. In addition, the labor market, there is a variety of explicit and implicit gender discrimination, making the work undertaken by women and the importance of grades is far lower than men's, women in the job market experienced unequal treatment, not only affects the female their economic status and career development, for men or even the development of social harmony and progress is very profound and complex. There are many reasons for female experienced employment discrimination in the labor market. This article analysis overall views such as the Chinese culture, economic factors, legal perspectives and human capital investment so on. It explores countermeasures to resolve female discrimination by adopting comparatively theory and pathways, as result to help female withdraw gender discrimination and obtain more employment opportunities.The results would be enriched to gender discrimination theory in a certain extent, provide a new theoretical basis of accelerating equal development of employment and sharing economic resources and social development. Furthermore, this study could raise decision-making reference for improving gender discrimination and resolving female employment difficulties in China.
【中文关键词】 劳动力市场; 性别歧视; 女性就业
【英文关键词】 Labor Market; Gender Discrimination; Female Employment
